As part of an agricultural delegation, he was making his first trip to the United States. US President Donald Trump and XI take part in a welcome ceremony at the Great Hall of the People on Thursday, November 9, 2017, in Beijing during Trump's visit to Asia. But the historic mission Xinhua/Pictures From History/Newscom. If an account exists, we've sent an email with a link to reset your password. Xi talks with hearing-impaired students at a school in Shanghai in 2007. Great and earth-shaking historical changes have taken place in China … Xinhua News Agency/Getty Images. Xi, right, poses for a photo as a college student in 1977. (Zhonghua Renmin Gongheguo Xianfa Xiuzheng An [PRC Constitutional Amendment] (adopted by the NPC on Mar. From 1969 to 1975, Xi worked as an agricultural laborer in Liangjiahe, China. Photo Illustration/Getty images. PHOTO: Great and earth-shaking historical changes have taken place in China in the 20th century. There had been five major revisions by the National People's Congress (NPC) to the 1982 Constitution. Constitutional change expected to give Communist Party sweeping new anti-corruption powers, Paramilitary police placed under direct party control this week. Muscatine Journal/ZUMAPRESS/Newscom. Chip Somodevilla/Getty Images. Xi Zhongxun was a communist revolutionary who held several positions in the National People's Congress. China's President Xi Jinping has consolidated power to levels not seen in decades. The Chinese people waged wave upon wave of heroic struggles for national independence and liberation and for democracy and freedom. The 1982 State Constitution provided a legal basis for the broad changes in China's social and economic institutions and significantly revised government structure. Xi -- in the back row, second from right -- poses with a group in Muscatine, Iowa, in 1985. Xi shakes hands with Russian President Vladimir Putin before a meeting in Moscow in July 2017. The 1982 Constitution reflects Deng Xiaoping's determination to lay a lasting institutional foundation for domestic stability and modernization. Xi listens to villagers in north China's Zhengding County in 1983. The The Chinese people waged wave upon wave of heroic struggles for national independence and liberation and for democracy and freedom. He was among the millions of urban youths who were "sent down," forced to leave cities to work as laborers in the countryside. Xi receives a key to the city from Muscatine Mayor Gerald Powell. 506 collection/Alamy Stock Photo. Under article 79 of the Constitution before the amendment, the President and Vice President could not serve more than two consecutive five-year terms. In a recent report analyzing the proposed NSC framework, Amnesty warned it would “legalize a form of arbitrary detention and create a new extra-judicial system with far-reaching powers that has significant potential to infringe human rights.”. 11, 2018). XI, left, stands with his father, Xi Zhongxun, and his younger brother, Xi Yuanping, in 1958. After 1840, feudal China was gradually turned into a semi-colonial and semi-feudal country. 2 The 1982 Constitution is essentially a Dengist constitution, reflecting Deng Xiaoping’s ideas for modernising China, i.e., social stability, economic development and opening to the outside. That continued this week, with command of paramilitary police forces placed under the party’s Central Committee and the Central Military Commission, both of which are headed by Xi. No other Chinese leaders have had their name added to the constitution. 11, 2018) (2018 Amendment), NPC website; Changhao Wei, Translation: 2018 Amendment to the P.R.C. PHOTO: “One sticking point for a lot of countries in repatriating allegedly corrupt officials is the (existing system) is technically an extra-legal body,” Nee said. The ruling Communist Party (CCP) will discuss changing the country’s constitution for the first time since 2004 next month, with analysts predicting Xi will further cement his grip on power. PHOTO: (qianfan zhang, the constitution of china 55–57 (2012).) PHOTO: PHOTO: Creation of the National Supervision Commission would expand that discipline and control to a broad swath of society, analysts said. Here, he walks with US President Barack Obama before a bilateral meeting in Rancho Mirage, California, in June 2013. China’s Communist party will meet next month to deliberate revisions to the country’s state constitution that would mark the document’s first amendments since 2004. PHOTO: The posts of President and Vice President(which were abolished in the 1975 and 1978 constitutions) are re-e… Xi poses for a photo as he sits in his office in 1983. Xi feeds swans during an official visit to Hungary in 2009. STR/AFP/AFP/Getty Images, PHOTO: Legal | Deng Xiaoping, during his time as leader, gave up most official positions but retained a huge amount of control over decision making, Lewis said. Great and earth-shaking historical changes have taken place in China … The first version of the Chinese constitution presented here was that of December 4, 1982. To complete your CNN profile and ensure you are able to receive important account information, please verify your email address. Article 47: This article grants cities divided into districts the power to make local regulations by adding a new paragraph 2 of article 100 of the Constitution, which reads as follows: Article 52: This article adds a whole new section of five articles on the state supervision organ as a new section 7, “The Supervision Commissions,” in chapter III of the Constitution, “The Structure of the State.” (2018 Amendment; Wei. Xi, as the Communist Party secretary of Ningde, China, participates in farm work in 1988. The Third Amendment was approved on Marh 15, 1999. PHOTO: Related Article  On April 18, 1948, the National Assembly added to the Constitution the " Temporary Provisions against the Communist Rebellion ". Xi, left, meets with citizens of Fuzhou, China, in 1993. (XIANFA (1982, as amended in 1988, 1993, 1999, 2004, and 2018), PRC State Council website. Highlights of the 2018 Amendment: Article 32: Among other things, this article replaces, in the seventh paragraph of the Preamble to the Constitution, “improve the socialist legal system” with “improve the socialist rule of law” (“which is effectively rule by law, one could argue” (Wei, supra )). Chinese President Xi Jinping speaks in Beijing's Great Hall of the People on Wednesday, October 25, as the new lineup was unveiled for the Chinese Communist Party's all-powerful Politburo Standing Committee. From 1996-2002, Xi held various posts in China's Fujian Province, including governor. Updated Previously the PAP answered in part to the State Council, a governmental body that is nominally separate from the party system. to a level no Chinese leader has held since Mao Zedong, in which party members under investigation were held in secret prisons and subjected to abuse and torture, major reform of the country’s armed forces, placed under the party’s Central Committee and the Central Military Commission. The Constitution law of People's Republic of China . A 1979 photo of Xi as he worked for the general office of the Central Military Commission. The March 5-14 annual session of China's rubber-stamp parliament, the National People's Congress (NPC), will be asked by the country's rulers to approve 14 changes to the country's constitution, the most important of which is to "encourage, support and guide the development of the non-public economic sectors". Accessibility | Feudal China was gradually reduced after 1840 to a semi-colonial and semi-feudal country. Xi ally Wang Ning, an army general who had no police experience prior to taking the job, has helmed the PAP since 2015. © 2020 Cable News Network. CNN Sans ™ & © 2016 Cable News Network. China’s Communist party will meet next month to deliberate revisions to the country’s state constitution that would mark the document’s first amendments since 2004. Success! China is a country with one of the longest histories in the world. Eva Cheng. External Link Disclaimer | Xi meets with Wu Poh-hsiung, vice president of the opposition party Kuomintang, in 2000. Feudal China was gradually reduced after 1840 to a semi-colonial and semi-feudal country. USA.gov, Zhonghua Renmin Gongheguo Xianfa Xiuzheng An, Article 32: Among other things, this article replaces, in the seventh paragraph of the Preamble to the Constitution, “improve the socialist legal system” with “improve the socialist rule of law” (“which is effectively rule, Article 36: This article inserts a new sentence in paragraph 2 of article 1 of the Constitution after “[t]he socialist system is the basic system of the People’s Republic of China.” The new sentence reads, “The defining feature of socialism with Chinese characteristics is the leadership of the Communist Party of China.”. This week, the Politburo, the party’s top body, underwent a Mao-era style self criticism session in which they vowed to follow Xi’s lead, according to state news agency Xinhua. Xinhua / Alamy Stock Photo. As Shanghai's party secretary in 2007, Xi welcomes former US Secretary of State Henry Kissinger and Pepsi President and CEO Indra Krishanamurthy Nooyi. A chronology of key events in the history of China. PHOTO: PHOTO: Great and earth-shaking historical changes have taken place in China … Xi brings blankets to a villager after ice storms in 2008. “Xi has shown firm faith and will, clear commitment to the people, extraordinary political wisdom and tactics and a strong sense of responsibility, in leading the CPC and China in the great struggle with many new contemporary features,” the Politburo said in a statement following the “meeting of self reflection.”, William Nee, a China researcher for Amnesty International, said self criticism meetings “are a very old tool … to get people to admit their faults publicly, talk about the problems in their work styles and to profess loyalty to the party center and in this case explicitly to Xi Jinping.”, Lewis said the session was typical of how under Xi “there is little tolerance … for the slightest wobbling off the party line.”. Liu Weibing/Newscom. The Second Amendment was approved on March 29, 1993. TPG/Hulton Archive/Getty Images. Article 46: Among other things, this article adds the protection of the environment to the duties and powers of the State Council under item 6 of article 89, which now reads: “(6) to direct and administer economic affairs and urban and rural development. At the same time, Xi unveiled a new leadership team which did not include any obvious successor, increasing speculation he may hold on to power at the end of his second five-year term as President. Chinese President Xi Jinping had a good 2017, but 2018 may be looking even better. PHOTO: (QIANFAN ZHANG, THE CONSTITUTION OF CHINA 55–57 (2012).). Xi and his new wife, folk singer Peng Liyuan, pose for a photo on China's Dongshan Island in 1987. PHOTO: The full text of the PRC Constitution as revised by the 2018 Amendment is available in Chinese on the State Council website. Xi, front left, helps reinforce a levee of the Minjiang River in 1995. Margaret Lewis, an expert in China’s legal system at National Taiwan University, said Xi had already scored a “major political victory” with the addition of his “Thought” to the party constitution, and “does not need to change the rules on term limits to remain extremely powerful.”. Press | While much of these changes involve legalizing activities which already go on unofficially, Nee said this may be motivated by a desire to gain international legitimacy for and cooperation with China’s anti-corruption drive. China - China - Constitutional framework: The fourth constitution of the People’s Republic of China was adopted in 1982. The Chinese people waged many successive heroic struggles for national independence and liberation and for democracy and freedom. All Rights Reserved. The people of all of China’s nationalities have jointly created a culture of grandeur and have a glorious revolutionary tradition. Feudal China was gradually reduced after 1840 to a semi-colonial and semi-feudal country. Paragraph 3 of article 3 of the Constitution now reads: “All administrative organs, Article 40: This article adds a new paragraph 3 to article 27 of the Constitution that reads, “State functionaries shall take a public oath of allegiance to the Constitution when assuming office.”, Article 44: Among other things, this article revises paragraph 1 of article 70 of the Constitution by renaming the “NPC Law Committee” as “NPC Constitution and Law Committee.”. The decision to remove existing two-term limits from the country's Constitution came just a day before the all-important third plenary session of the Central Committee. Inspector General | A Warner Media Company. Shanghai Daily/Imaginechina/ZUMAPRESS. Constitution, NPC OBSERVER (Mar. What an all-powerful Xi Jinping means for the rest of the world. The party added Deng’s name and vision for China to the constitution after he died in 1997. After 1840, feudal China was gradually turned into a semi-colonial and semi-feudal country. He was the city's party secretary from 1990-1996. Password reset email has been resent. Xinhua/Newscom/Newscom. As of Sunday evening China time, "Xi Jinping Thought" has been voted into the Chinese Constitution, and Xi himself can stay on as president for as long as he likes. ), Topic: Constitutional law, Executive powers, Legislative bodies, About | The change could clear the way for the creation of a National Supervision Commission (NSC), a country-wide anti-corruption task force with sweeping new powers, though some have speculated there could also be a move to abolish term-limits on the Presidency, allowing Xi to serve on past 2022. China's legislature was nearly unanimously endorsed a change constitution Sunday in Bejing, formally removing term limits to enable Xi Jinping to stay on as the president for life. The people’s congresses of cities divided into districts and their standing committees may adopt local regulations in accordance with the provisions of law, provided that they do not contravene the Constitution, laws, administrative regulations, and the local regulations of the corresponding provinces or autonomous regions, and they shall take effect after being reported to and approved by the standing committees of the people’s congresses of the corresponding provinces or autonomous regions. Unlike the presidency, there is no restriction on how long Xi could serve as CCP General Secretary, the position from which his true power flows, though traditionally both titles have been held by the same person. The NSC is one of several new laws which “give the party and the government sweeping powers,” he said. As well as shoring up his power over the party, Xi’s tenure has seen a major reform of the country’s armed forces, bringing them thoroughly under his personal control. Feudal China was gradually reduced after 1840 to a semi-colonial and semi-feudal country. Please click the button below to agree to our Terms and Conditions and acknowledge our Privacy Policy. The Chinese people waged wave upon wave of heroic struggles for national independence and liberation and for democracy and freedom. Explore more on china-constitution-change exclusively at Navbharat Times. At the time, he was secretary of the Zhengding County Committee. JIM WATSON/AFP/Getty Images. This comes on the back of a move by Xi this week to shore up his command of the country’s armed forces by moving control of paramilitary police from the government to the CCP. China is one of the countries with the longest histories in the world. “The importance of the Party’s control over the military is an oft-repeated phrase, but Xi has emphasized it heavily during his tenure,” Tom Rafferty, China manager at the Economist Intelligence Unit, told CNN earlier this year. 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